Florida State Paramedic Practice Exam

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What physiological change occurs when a person hyperventilates?

Decreased carbon dioxide levels
Increased oxygen levels
Increased carbon dioxide levels
Respiratory acidosis

The correct answer is: Decreased carbon dioxide levels

When a person hyperventilates, they breathe at an abnormally high rate, which leads to the excessive expulsion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. This rapid breathing causes a decrease in the concentration of CO2 in the bloodstream, resulting in a physiological state known as respiratory alkalosis. The decrease in carbon dioxide levels affects the body's acid-base balance, leading to symptoms such as lightheadedness, tingling in the extremities, and muscle spasms. The body relies on a delicate balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for effective respiratory function. During hyperventilation, while the rate of oxygen intake may temporarily increase, it is the significant drop in CO2 levels that is the primary physiological change occurring. Thus, recognizing that hyperventilation leads to decreased carbon dioxide levels is essential in understanding the body's response to altered breathing patterns.